fungus info 

Polypores of Sweden

Checklist of species                  * Red list
 
 

Abortiporus biennis Murr.

Rare in southern Sweden (18 localities), mostly in parks, pastures and decidious forests. Fruitbodies sometimes distorted. Grows on decidious wood (e.g. Quercus ), often buried in the ground.

Newly described species, growing in calcarious Picea forest. Close to A. subrubescens, but turning citric yellow on handling.

Albatrellus confluens S.F. Gray

Common in all of Sweden, except for the southernmost parts. Grows on the ground in coniferous forest.

*Albatrellus cristatus (Fr.) Kotl. & Pouz.

Very rare in the south of Sweden (7 localities). Almost exclusively in Fagus forest, where it grows on the ground.

Albatrellus ovinus (Schaeff.:Fr.) Murr.

Edible, well-known and widely distributed species growing on the ground in Picea forest.

*Albatrellus subrubescens (Murr.) Pouz.

Rare (15 localities) from the Stockholm area and northwards, also on Gotland. On the ground in old Pinus forest.

Albatrellus syringae (Parm.) Pouz.

This beautiful species with yellow pores is rather uncommon (58 localities); most frequent in the northern half of Sweden, but also found in the Stockholm area. Grassland, lawns, roadsides; normally not in forests, but always close to decidious trees.

*Amylocystis lapponica (Rom.) Sing.

Registered from about 350 localities, all of them in the northern part of the country. Grows exclusively on Picea in virgin coniferous forest, where its occurence can vary considerably from one year to another.

*Anomoporia albolutescens (Rom.) Pouz.

Extremely rare species, only found three times in Sweden. First described by Swedish mycologist Lars Romell from the norhernmost part of the country in 1910, next time collected near Stockholm in 1995 (H-G. Toresson) and in central Sweden in 1997 (B. Andersson). Grows on coniferous wood, but the few finds make it diffucult to establish its ecological preferences.

*Anomoporia bombycina (Fr.) Pouz.

This rare resupinate seems to prefer shadowy, secluded spots in old, coniferous forest, where it grows close to the cround on the underside of lying trunks.

Substrata: Picea and Pinus, once found on Alnus. Registered from 17 Swedish localities, both in the southern and northern part of the country.

*Anomoporia kamtschatica (Parm.) Bondartseva

Only recently separated from Anomoporia myceliosa, this is still a little known species. So far about a dozen collections have been made in Sweden, all from the southern half of the country. Coniferous wood.

*Anomoporia myceliosa (Peck) Pouz.

Most finds (41 localities) are from central Sweden, but it has not been possible to check all records as to the delimitation towards Anomoporia kamtschatica, of which mycologists only recently have been made aware. The species normally grows on Picea or Pinus, but is has also been found on Juniperus and Betula.. Needs further study.

Antrodia albida (Fr. : Fr.) Donk

About 100 registered localities, mostly in central and southern Sweden. In the northern part of the country this species grows mainly on Betula and Alnus, further south on a variety of decidious trees, such as Salix, Malus, Corylus, Sorbus and Prunus. Very close to Antrodia heteromorpha, which is found on coniferous wood.

*Antrodia albobrunnea (Rom.) Ryv.

Not uncommon in virgin Pinus forests in the north of Sweden, where it normally grows on the underside of lying trunks. In the southern parts very rare and only found in nature reserves.

*Antrodia crassa (Karst.) Ryv.

This impressive species (up to 3 cm thick!) is registered from 16 localities from Stockholm and northwards. Found on Pinus and Picea in old coniferous forests.

*Antrodia gossypium (Speg.) Ryv.

Little known species, originally described from Argentina. Its occurence in Sweden is based on 3 old records (all from coniferous wood), but it has not been collected since 1951. Probably extinct.

Antrodia heteromorpha (Fr.: Fr.) Donk

Widespread in all of Sweden, except for the southernmost parts. It normally grows on Picea, but there are also collections from Pinus and from decidious wood (Betula, Alnus ). The latter come close to Antrodia albida, from which it sometimes is difficult to separate.

*Antrodia infirma Renv. & Niemelä

First described in 1992, this is still a little known polypore. The scarcity of skeletal hyphae makes this species a very untypical Antrodia, which can easily be confused with monomitic resupinates. So far only five Swedish finds, four on Pinus and one on Picea, all from the northern half of the country.

Antrodia leucaena Y.C. Dai & Niemelä

Rare species on Populus, only a handful of finds in Sweden.

*Antrodia macra (Sommerf.) Niemelä

Rather rare, but probably overlooked because of the small size and the occurence on Salix in humid thickets difficult to penetrate. Also found on Populus tremula.. All over Sweden, but hitherto only 35 records.

*Antrodia mellita Niemelä & Pentt.

This newly described species (1992) resembles Antrodia albida and Antrodia heteromorpha, but has much shorter spores. There are five collections from the western parts of central Sweden, all on logs of Populus tremula felled by beaver (Castor fiber ) or on remaining stumps.

*Antrodia primaeva Renv. & Niemelä

All records of this new species (1992) are from virgin Pinus forests in the northern part of Sweden. Probably very rare, but also little known among collectors.

*Antrodia pulvinascens (Pilát) Niemelä

Not more than 20 years ago Swedish polyporists were almost unaware of this conspicuous species, but since then it has proved to be rather freqent. Today there are about 250 registered localities all over the country, except for the southernmost provinces and Gotland. The normal substratum is Populus tremula, especially thick lying trunks. Also found on Salix..

Antrodia ramentacea (Berk. & Br.) Donk

This small species is seldom collected, but probably overlooked and likely to be rather common, at least in the southern half of Sweden. Typical occurence on recently fallen brances of Pinus, where it grows on the bark.

Antrodia serialis (Fr.) Donk

One of the most common polypores on dead wood of Picea, both on lying trunks and stumps. On vertical substrata small, nodulose pilei are developed, but strictly resupinate forms are more frequent. The latter can often be difficult to identify, and remains of dead fruitbodies are actually more characteristic...!

Antrodia sinuosa (Fr.) Karst.

Common all over Sweden, normally on conifers but occasionally found on decidious wood. Of all records 45% are from Picea, 42% from Pinus and 13% from unspecified coniferous wood.

Found only once (2001, south of Stockholm), on coniferous wood. Characters like the brownish, resinous margin, a sweet odour and bitter taste should help to separate it from other species of the genus, but still it is likely to be overlooked.

Antrodia vaillantii (Fr.) Ryv.

A rare resupinate, mostly found in odd habitats, e.g. on structural (coniferous) timber in mines, on masonite and on various remains on city dumps! This species has not been observed in nature during the field investigation.

Antrodia xantha (Fr.: Fr.) Ryv.

In southern and central Sweden this is a rather common species on coniferous wood, preferably Pinus in open, dry forests. In northern Sweden, however, it is also found on Salix, often in rich, secluded and humid localities. Fruitbodies normally resupinate, but occasionally small, nodulose pilei can be formed on vertical or sloping substrata (f. pachymeres ).

Antrodiella americana Ryv. & Gilbn.

There are about 30 records in Sweden of this small resupinate, which grows in close contact with dead fruitbodies of Hymenochaete tabacina (the exception is one record from Öland on Hymenochaete rubiginosa ). Substrata: Salix, Sorbus, Corylus and Alnus. Probably overlooked or confused with Schizopora paradoxa..

*Antrodiella citrinella Niemelä & Ryv.

This yellow resupinate (described in 1983) is obviously very rare and restricted to virgin coniferous forests, where it grows on Picea. There are only three records from Sweden, two from the far north and one from Tyresta National Park south of Stockholm.

Antrodiella faginea Vampola & Pouzar

Macroscopically this species resembles Antrodiella semisupina, but has gloeocystidia. So far, only a few finds from Sweden, on Ulmus and Salix. The typical substrate in Central Europe though, is Fagus.

*Antrodiella fissiliformis (Pil.) Gilbn. & Ryv.

Resembles Antrodiella romelliimicroscopically, but in the field it has slightly more vivid colours and thicker fruitbodies. Recently (2004) found on Fagusin SW Sweden.

Antrodiella hoehnelii (Bres.) Niemelä

This pileate or resupinate species is rather common, at least in the southern and central parts of Sweden. It occurs on decidious wood of many kinds, often in connection with fruitbodies of Inonotus radiatus or Inonotus nodulosus.

Antrodiella onychoides (Egel.) Niemelä

In Sweden there are only 9 records of this odd polypore, definitely no typical Antrodiella. All finds have been made in the southern half of the country, some of them in gardens and similar habitats. Grows on decidious wood.

*Antrodiella pallasii Renvall, Johannesson & Stenlid

This newly described species has been separated from Antrodiella semisupina, mainly because of its ecology. Most collections are from northern Sweden, where the species occurs on or next to fruitbodies of Trichaptum abietinum, mostly on Picea. Previous reports of Antrodiella parasitica should be referred to this species.

Antrodiella romellii (Donk) Niemelä

Despite being rather common and widespread, this strictly resupinate species is still very anonymous to most collectors. It grows on all kinds of decidious wood, normally on the underside of branches lying on the ground. Probably overlooked or confused with resupinate specimens of Antrodiella semisupina, which is very close but has more rounded spores.

Host statistics (%): Corylus (35), Alnus (14), Populus (7), Betula (7), Quercus (6), Salix (5), Ulmus (1), Fraxinus (1), Fagus (1), unspecified decidious wood (23), also a single record from Picea.

Antrodiella semisupina (Berk. & Curt.) Ryv.

Common and widespread all over Sweden. It normally grows on decidious wood, but in the north there is also a resupinate form on Picea, which probably belongs to the newly described Antrodiellapallasii. Sometimes this species is found on or next to fruitbodies of Fomes fomentarius.

Substrata (%): Betula (37), Alnus (18), Corylus (12), Populus (9), Fagus (7), Picea (7), Salix (6), Pinus (2), Quercus (1), Sorbus (1). Besides, there are occasional finds from Ulmus, Fraxinus, Rhamnus, Prunus and Acer.

Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.: Fr.) Karst.

This characteristic, dark-pored species is very common both in forests and on trees and stumps in parks, astures and other cultivated habitats. It grows on a wide range of decidious substrata (e.g. Betula, Fagus, Populus and Quercus ), sometimes also on Picea.

Bjerkandera fumosa (Pers.: Fr.) Karst.

Not very common, but widespread. It can be found in decidious forests as well as in parks, but is also a characteristic species of Salix thickets on shores of lakes. Salix seems to be the favourite host (48%), followed by Populus, Ulmus, Betula and a variety of other decidious substrata.

*Boletopsis grisea (Pk.) Bond. & Sing.

This polypore grows on the ground, normally in dry Pinus heaths, often together with species of Sarcodon and Hydnellum. It is more common in the northern part of Sweden, but its frequency varies greatly from year to year due to changes in weather conditions.

*Boletopsis leucomelaena (Pers.) Fayod

A rare fungus, growing on the ground in rich Picea forest. Most records from the southern half of Sweden.

*Ceriporia excelsa (Lund.) Parm.

This bluish resupinate grows on the underside of lying branches and trunks of decidious trees. There are so far 45 records, most of them from the Stockholm area and southwards (only 3 finds from the north of Sweden).

Preferred substrata: Betula, Fagus, Alnus, Salix and Populus, but occasionally found on a number of other decidious hosts.

Ceriporia purpurea (Fr.) Donk

During the field investigation this beautifully purplish resupinate proved to be less frequent than expected. Preferred habitats seem to be humid Alnus forest and rich decidious forests with Fraxinus, but it is also found on other decidious substrata. So far, about 80 localities have been registered, most of them in the southern half of the country.

Ceriporia reticulata (Hoffm.: Fr.) Donk

The smallest of all Swedish polypores, definitely overlooked by collectors. It is, however, common on the underside of narrow branches and sticks lying on the ground, and found on a large number of decidious substrata. No significant geographical preferences.

Ceriporia viridans (Berk. & Br.) Donk

Little known species, growing on the underside of small trunks and branches lying on the ground. Taxonomically, it is very close to Ceriporia excelsa, but the pores are creamcoloured, often with greenish, brownish or violet tinges. Grows on all kinds of decidious wood, but is most common on Populus and Corylus. Most records from central and southern Sweden; hitherto registered from 72 localities.

Ceriporiopsis aneirina (Sommerf.: Fr.) Dom.

Populus tremula is the normal substratum for this resupinate, which is found all over Sweden but more frequent in the central and southern parts. Also found on Salix, Fraxinus and Corylus, but on the whole rather uncommon. In suitable localities it is often accompanied by Oxyporus corticola and Antrodia pulvinascens. So far about 90 localities.

Ceriporiopsis balaenae Niemelä

This small species was described in 1985, but the first Swedish collections were made only a few years ago. However, it is not uncommon in Salix thickets, which seem to be its preferred habitat. Definitely overlooked and confused with Schizopora paradoxa; probably widespread in all of Sweden.

*Ceriporiopsis gilvescens (Bres.) Dom.

There is only one Swedish find of this species, dating from 1912 on an island in Lake Mälaren (decidious wood). Now probably extinct.

*Ceriporiopsis jelicii (Tortic & David) Ryv. & Gilbn.

Recently found in northern Sweden, close to the Norwegian border, on strongly decomposed coniferous wood in virgin natural forest.

Not uncommon, but seldom reported due to the fact that it must be determined under the microscope. Grows on both decidious and coniferous substrata, above all on wood in advanced stages of decay.

Host statistics (%): Betula (38), Picea (35), Pinus (9), Populus (8), Quercus (2), Corylus (2), Fraxinus (1), Fagus (1), Tilia (1), Sorbus (1), Salix (1).

Widespread all over Sweden.

*Ceriporiopsis pannocincta (Rom.) Gilbn. & Ryv.

Rare species, registered from about 40 localities from Norra Kvill National Park in Småland and northwards, most of them old, virgin forests. Grows on a variety of substrata, e.g. Betula, Populus, Alnus and Picea.

Ceriporiopsis resinascens (Rom) Dom.

This characteristic, darkening species is rather common, especially on dead branches of Salix in humid localities. Also found on Populus tremula and occasionally on other decidious trees. Widely distributed all over the country.

*Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (Pilát) Gilbn. & Ryv.

Little known species, so far only known from five Swedish localities. One find from Picea, the rest from decidious wood (Betula, Alnus ). Needs further study. 

Cerrena unicolor (Bull.: Fr.) Murr.

83% of all records of this species are from Betula, the rest from other decidious wood, a few finds also on Picea. Very common throughout Sweden.

Climacocystis borealis (Fr.) Kotl. & Pouz.

Fruitbodies of this short-lived polypore can colonize stumps and lying trunks of Picea in large numbers. There are records from all Swedish provinces except Öland, and the localities are mostly herb-rich Picea forests. So far about 500 records.

*Coltricia cinnamomea (Jacq.) Murr.

The latest record of this rare fungus is from 1962 (collected in Småland by the late professor John Eriksson), and there are only six localities altogether. It grows on the ground in decidious forests with Quercus and Fagus, but is probably no longer a natural element of the Swedish polypore flora.

Coltricia confluens Keizer

This newly described (1997) species was found in a private garden in western Sweden in 1999. It is very close to Coltricia perennis, but differs in more irregular and normally confluent pilei and less obvious or even lacking zonation. Contrary to C. perennis, it seems to prefer parks and plantations on fertlie soils with decidious trees.

Coltricia perennis (L.: Fr.) Murr.

Common all over the country, usually found with Pinus on sandy soils, roadsides etc.

*Coriolopsis gallica (Fr.) Ryv.

A rare polypore with a northern outpost in one single locality in Sweden, a nature reserve in the province of Västmanland (rich decidious forest), where it has been found on Fraxinus.

*Coriolopsis trogii (Berk.) Dom.

Definitely a southern species in Europe, but found on two localities in the vicinity of Stockholm. Substrata: Populus tremula and unspecified decidious wood. Latest record from 1978.

Daedalea quercina L.:Fr.

This large and conspicuous fungus is very common on dead wood of Quercus in the southern part of Sweden.

Daedaleopsis confragosa (Bolt.:Fr.) Schroet.

A variable species, preferably growing on Salix, but also on Betula, Alnus, Sorbus and a few other hardwoods. Only found in the southern half of the country, and more common in the western part.

Daedaleopsis septentrionalis (Karst.) Niemelä

This rather small polypore with discinctly lamellate hymenophore is only found in the north of Sweden, where it grows on dead, still standing trunks of Betula. Occasional records also from Sorbus and Alnus.

Number of registered localities: 140.

Datronia mollis (Sommerf. : Fr.) Donk

Common and widespread, this polypore is found on an impressively large number of decidious substrata. Most common on Populus tremula and Salix (39% and 18% respectively of all records).

Datronia stereoides (Fr. : Fr.) Ryv.

A rare species with resupinate or semi-resupinate fruitbodies. It grows mostly on sticks and thin branches of decidious wood, but has once been found on a cone of Picea ! Most localities (about 40) are in the northern half of Sweden.

Host statistics (%): Salix (62), Betula (18), Alnus (10), Sorbus (10), also occasional records from Populus and Ribes.

Dichomitus campestris (Quél.) Dom. & Orlicz

This characteristic species is most frequent in the eastern regions of Sweden, where it grows mainly on dead parts of standing Corylus, sometimes also on dead branches of Quercus (6%). Besides, there are records from Alnus, Fagus, Sorbus, Rosa and Salix. So far registered from about 500 localities.

*Dichomitus squalens (Karst.) D. Reid

Little known species, reported from 17 Swedish localities. Pinus is the normal host, but there are also collections from Picea. Most localities are in the very north of Sweden, but further south it is found in the coastal region south of Stockholm.

*Diplomitoporus crustulinus (Bres.) Dom.

There are about 70 localities for this species, from the Stockholm area and northwards. It normally grows on Picea, and does not seem to be restricted to virgin or even old forests.

*Diplomitoporus flavescens (Bres.) Dom.

Extremely rare species, only registered from two localities on the mainland and one on Gotland. Restricted to Pinus.

Diplomitoporus lindbladii (Berk.) Gilbn. & Ryv.

This grey-pored resupinte is widespread and common in most parts of Sweden, growing both on Picea and Pinus, sometimes also on decidious wood (14% of all records). The pores darken with age, but young, creamish specimens can easily be identified under the microscope thanks to one unique character; skeletal hyphae dissolving in KOH.

Fomes fomentarius (L. : Fr.) Kickx

The most common polypore of Sweden, preferably growing on Betula and Fagus. So far almost 4000 registered localities. 

Fomitopsis pinicola (Swartz : Fr.) Karst.

Being number two on the frequency list, this well-known and beautiful species can be found on almost any host, but it is by far most common on Picea.

Major substrata (%): Picea (78), Betula (8), Alnus (6), Pinus (6), Populus (1), Fagus (1); in addition there are occasional records from 19 different trees or shrubs.

*Fomitopsis rosea (Alb. & Schw. : Fr.) Karst.

More than 1100 localities have so far been registered for this beautiful and characteristic polypore, most of them from the northern part of the country. In the south, however, it is very rare, and beyond a line from the Stockholm area to the Norwegian border, it has been found only in the provinces of Östergötland, Småland and Gotland. The typical habitat is natural Picea forests, but it sometimes grows on structural timber inside barns etc. There are also a few finds on Populus, Pinus and Alnus.

Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat.

Frequently found on various decidious wood (rarely conifers) in the southern part of Sweden, in the north less common and mainly in coastal areas. There are records from 36 different substrata, of which Betula, Populus, Quercus and Fagus dominate.

*Ganoderma australe (Fr.) Pat.

A Central European species with two localities in the south of Sweden, where it was recently found on Fagus andTilia.

Ganoderma lucidum (W. Curt : Fr.) Karst.

This spectacular, shining polypore is often collected, but not very common. There are about 350 registered localities, mostly from the southern half of the country. Normally, it grows on hardwoods (e.g. Betula, Alnus, Quercus and Fagus ), but almost one third (29%) of all records are from Picea.

*Ganoderma pfeifferi Bres.

In the southernmost provinces of Sweden this large polypore can be admired in a number of localities, always on living, old Fagus trees. Seems to prefer rather open localities.

*Ganoderma resinaceum Boud.

In Sweden this is a little known species, recorded only from two localities (both nature reserves) in the southern part. It grows near the base of old, living trees of Quercus.

*Gloeophyllum abietnum (Bull. : Fr.) Karst.

Scattered in the southern half of the country, but only 34 localities altogether. Grows on coniferous wood, mainly Picea; also found on structural timbers.

*Gloeophyllum carbonarium (Berk. & Curt.) Ryv.

This species prefers charred, coniferous wood and has previously not been reported from Europe. Recently found on Pinus in the province of Hälsingland (central Sweden).

Gloeophyllum odoratum (Wulf. : Fr.) Imaz.

Widespread and rather common all around Sweden, normally growing on old stumps of Picea, often in localities dominated by decidious trees. The pleasant fragrans makes this species easy to identify.

*Gloeophyllum protractum (Fr.) Imaz.

Rare species, almost exclusively found in the interior parts of northern Sweden. It grows on decorticated logs of Pinus, often in sunny and open localities. There are so far 84 records of this polypore, in Swedish mycological tradition formerly called "Gloeophyllum trabeum", which is a southern species not yet recorded from Sweden.

Gloeophyllum sepiarium (Wulf. : Fr.) Karst.

A characteristic and very common species, registerad from about 2000 localities all over the country. It is normally found on dead wood of conifers (91% of all records are from Picea ), but there are also finds from a number of hardwood genera. The fungus is resistant to drought, and is frequent both in forests and in clear-cut areas.

Gloeoporus dichrous (Fr. : Fr.) Bres.

This small, pileate species with beautifully purplish pores is not very common but widespread in all parts of Sweden. The preferred substratum is Betula, and it is often found on trees attacked by Inonotus obliquus.

Major hosts (%): Betula (65), Alnus (17), Salix (12), Populus (3), Ulmus (1), Prunus (1), Sorbus (1). About 300 registered localities.

Gloeoporus taxicola (Pers. : Fr.) Gilbn. & Ryv.

In southern Sweden this species normally grows on Pinus, often in rather open localities, while its preferred habitat in the northern half of the country seems to be more secluded and humid Picea forests. There are so far about 500 registered localities; 67% of all records are from Pinus, the rest from Picea.

*Grifola frondosa (Dicks. : Fr.) S. F. Gray

This large, stipitate polypore with imbricate pilei is found in the Quercus region of southern Sweden, but is not very common. The impressive basidiocarps seemingly grow on the ground, but are actually fruiting from the roots of living trees.

*Hapalopilus croceus (Pers. : Fr.) Bond. & Sing.

In Sweden there are only about 30 localities for this beautiful orange-reddish polypore, which depends on old Quercus trees for its survival. It is found both on living trees and logs on the ground. The species is probably extinct or at least very close to extinction in Norway and Denmark, and the Swedish localities definitely need protection.

Hapalopilus nidulans (Fr.) Karst.

A cinnamon-coloured species, rather common and widespread. It turns violet in contact with KOH, and the colour is often extracted and used for dyeing textiles. Grows on all kinds of decidious wood, e.g. Corylus, Betula and Sorbus.

*Hapalopilus salmonicolor (Berk. & Curt.) Pouz.

So far this resupinate has been recorded from a little more than 100 localities, most of them in the southern half of the country. Normally it is found on the underside of fallen trunks of Pinus, but 7% of all finds are from Picea. Obviously missing or very rare in parts of northern Sweden.

*Haploporus odorus (Sommerf. : Fr.) Sing.

The strong, sweetish smell is the most striking character of this large species, which is found only in the northern part of the country. It grows almost exclusively on Salix, often in humid localities in mixed virgin forests dominated by conifers. So far there are about 600 records.

Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref.

As a pathogen, this species causes serious problems in plantations of conifers, especially Picea. It is also found on hardwoods (in some localities in the southernmost parts it is very fruequent on roots of Fagus ) and is widespread and common all over Sweden. Efforts are now being made to find or develope natural enemies of this fungus in order to reduce its negative economic consequences for the forest industry.

*Inonotus cuticularis (Bull. : Fr.) Karst.

There are hitherto only 22 registered localities for this rare polypore, all in the southern half of the country. It normally grows high above the ground on living trees of Fagus, but is also found on Acer, Ulmus and Fraxinus. Prefers open decidious forests, parks etc.

*Inonotus dryadeus (Pers. : Fr.) Murr.

Not more than about 30 localities recorded for this large and impressive polypore, which is found mainly in the eastern and southern parts of the Quercus region. It grows near the base of old, living oaks in decidious woods and parks, and is in strong need of long-term protection of such habitats.

*Inonotus dryophilus (Berk.) Murr.

With the exception of the island of Öland, this species is found only in the region between Lake Vättern and the Stockholm area. It normally grows high above the ground on living Quercus, not necessarily on giant trees. About 40 localities.

*Inonotus hispidus (Bull. : Fr.) Karst.

This hirsute, rather large polypore is found in a limited number of localities on the west coast, but is more frequent on the islands of Öland and Gotland. Grows mainly on Fraxinus (54%), Sorbus (25%) and Ulmus (16%), but also an Malus and Tilia. Often found in tree-avenues of urban areas (which, by the way, is the case in the medieval city of Visby!).

*Inonotus leporinus (Fr.) Gilbn. & Ryv.

A member of the polypore flora of northern Sweden, but there are a few localities in the Stockholm area and in the provinces of Närke and Östergötland. It attacks living trees of Picea, but fruitbodies are mostly found on dead, lying trunks and stumps. Seems to prefer old or virgin forests, but since it is an important pathogen its position on the red list is somewhat controversial! So far about 300 localities have been registered.

Inonotus nodulosus (Fr.) Karst.

This resupinate or nodulose species grows only on Fagus, and is thus restricted to southern Sweden, where it is rather common. Found in natural Fagus forests, but also in parks.

Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilát

The sterile and spectacular black conks of this species are developed on living trees, killing the sapwood and thus making way for the fertile resupinate fungus, fruiting inside the bark. For obvious reasons, most reports (totally about 1200) refer to the sterile form. Common on Betula (94%) all over the country, but also occasionally found on Alnus, Fagus, Populus, Tilia and Sorbus.

Inonotus radiatus (Sow. : Fr.) Karst.

A pileate-nodulose species, very common in the southern half of Sweden, further north mostly in coastal regions. It grows on a wide range of decidiuos substrata, but is most common on Alnus (62%) in humid localities and on Corylus (35%) in decidious forests.

Inonotus rheades (Pers.) Karst.

Not very common, but widespread all over Sweden. The species grows almost exclusively on Populus tremula (but occasionally found on Betula, Prunus and Sorbus), both on old and younger standing trees, sometimes also on fallen trunks. Seems to prefer mixed forests with conifers, aspen and other decidious trees.

*Inonotus subiculosus (Pk.) Erikss. & Strid

There are currently only three localities in Sweden for this rare resupinate, a taiga species found also in Finland, Estonia and northern Russia. The soft, cottony consistency and the lack of setae make I. subiculosus an untypical but distinct member of the genus. The Swedish records are from Betula, Picea and Pinus , and the localities rather humid, herb-rich forests.

Inonotus tomentosus (Fr.) Teng

Fruitbodies of this stipitate species can be found on the ground or on coniferous wood in advanced stages of decay, normally in Picea forest. It shows a preference for calcarious soils and for forests formerly used as grazing land for cattle. There are hitherto about 180 registered localities, most of them in the southern half of the country.

*Inonotus triqueter (Fr.) Karst.

A very rare polypore, which can be sessile to more or less stipitate. It grows on or near Pinus, in the latter case seemingly on the ground but then always in connection with roots or buried wood. A southern species, known from 11 localities in the eastern part of Sweden, including Gotland.

*Inonotus ulmicola Corfix.

As the name indicates, this resupinate polypore is restricted to Ulmus. It is developed under the bark, which finally breaks open. Typically on living trees in parks, tree-avenues etc. Probably overlooked, but since it was described in 1990 the species has been recorded from 63 localities in southern Sweden. However, it seems to be lacking in the west coast region. Very close to  Inonotus obliquus,but always without sterile conks.

Irpex lacteus (Fr. : Fr.) Fr.

Not common, but scattered all around southern and central Sweden; seems to be missing in the northernmost part. Recorded from various hardwoods, most frequent on Sorbus (36%), Betula (18%), Populus (10%) and Salix (8%). Found both in semi-secluded forests and open land.

Ischnoderma benzoinum (Wahlenb. : Fr.) Karst.

There are about 1000 registered localities for this beautiful polypore, which is widespread all over Sweden. It normally grows on dead wood of Picea (80%) or Pinus (20%), but occasional finds from various hardwoods exist.

Very close to I. benzoinum, by some mycologists even considered to be conspecific. There are, however, slight differences in the appearance of the context, which is slightly more lightcoloured in this southern species. Recorded from about a dozen localities in the southernmost part of Sweden, always on decidious wood (Ulmus, Fagus ).

*Junghuhnia collabens (Fr.) Ryv.

A rare resupinate polypore, registered from about 100 localities in northern and central Sweden, southwards to the province of Östergötland. Restricted to old or virgin coniferous forests, where it normally grows on Picea (93%), rarely on Pinus (7%). The typical pinkish-brown colour and the frequent encrusted cystidia (visible only under the microscope) make it easy to separate from similar polypores, such as Gloeoporus taxicola and Phellinus viticola.

Junghuhnia luteoalba (Karst.) Ryv.

Overlooked but widespread in all of Sweden (except the southernmost parts and the islands of Öland and Gotland), this polypore has so far been reported from about 140 localities. It grows on strongly decayed wood of Pinus (64%) and Picea (36%).

Junghuhnia nitida (Pers. : Fr.) Ryv.

Resupinate species with warm ochraceous pores, often with a pinkish tint. It grows on the underside of lying decidious wood (branches etc.), very seldom on conifers. The localilties are often humid and interesting from a mycological point of view. So far there are about 500 records, most of them from the southern half of Sweden, even though some collections from the very north of the country exist. Main substrata: Populus (34%), Salix (23%), Corylus (16%), Alnus (6%), Fraxinus (5%), Fagus (4%), Betula (4%).

Junghuhnia pseudozilingiana (Parm.) Ryv.

Resupinate, sometimes reflexed (-1 cm) species with rather large (2-3/mm), irregular or even split ochraceous pores. On decidious wood, sometimes overgrowing old basidiocarps of Inonotus and Phellinus. Found only once in Sweden (2001), on Betula and Phellinus nigricans.

*Junghuhnia separabilima (Pouz.) Ryv.

Only the more irregular, sinuous pores separate this species from J. nitida. It is definitely overlooked, but recorded from about 25 localities scattered all over the country. Decidious wood.

Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull. : Fr.) Murr.

The imbricate clusturs of this beautiful fungus are normally found on living decidious trees, very seldom on conifers. Quercus is the preferred host (85%), but there are quite a few records from Prunus (7%), Salix (4%) and Fraxinus (3%). Fresh, sulphur yellow specimens are often found early in the summer, but the colour rapidly turns orange to buff. Old, dried fruitbodies are white and have a typical chalky consistency. Not uncommon in the southern half of Sweden, both in decidious forests and on solitary trees in parks etc. One of the most fast-growing and short-lived polypores.

Lenzites betulina (L. : Fr.) Fr.

Rather common in all of Sweden, especially on stumps left in grasslands or clear-cut areas in forest. The main hosts are Betula (72%) and Populus (17%), but it is also found on Quercus (8%), Picea (2%) and various decidious trees. Seen from above it can easily be confused with Cerrena unicolor, Trametes hirsuta or Trametes ochracea, but the lamellate hymenophore makes it a very distinct species.

*Leptoporus mollis (Pers. : Fr.) Quél.

This soft, pinkish to purplish species has been recorded from most parts of Sweden, but seems to be slightly more common in the north. Normally found in old coniferous forests on Picea (93%) or Pinus (7%).

Meripilus giganteus (Pers. : Fr.) Karst.

Large species with numerous imbricate pilei arising from a common base. It is rather common in the southernmost parts, but there are scattered records northwards to the Stockholm area. Mostly found on Fagus (81%) and Quercus (19%), often on stumps; rarely on other hardwoods.

*Oligoporus balsameus (Peck) Gilbn. & Ryv.

A little known and very rare species, only found in four localities; two in the Stockholm region, the others in the provinces of Närke and Västergötland. All these records from Picea.

Oligoporus caesius (Schrad. : Fr.) Gilbn. & Ryv.

Common in all of Sweden, normally growing on dead wood of Picea (95%) or Pinus (5%), rarely on decidious trees. The bluish colour makes it very distinct, but Oligoporus subcaesius, normally growing on hardwoods and with slightly narrower spores, is very close.

*Oligoporus cerifluus (Berk. & Curt.) Ryv. & Gilbn.

A small, pendant species, which grows in crevices and hollows of very rotten coniferous wood. It is likely to be overlooked, and there has also been some confusion as to the taxonomy of this very rare fungus. So far found in half a dozen localities, from the very north of Sweden to the Lake Vänern area in the south. Needs further study.

*Oligoporus floriformis (Quél.) Gilbn. & Ryv.

There are about 30 registered localities for this peculiar polypore, most of them in the eastern parts of the country. The rosette-like, substipitate fruitbodies with imbricate pilei are normally found on conifers (Picea ), but there is one collection from decidious wood. Seems to prefer older forests, where it grows in shadowy and humid areas.

Oligoporus folliculocystidiatus Kotl. & Vampola

This newly described species (1993) is very close to Oligoporus cerifluus and has probably been overlooked. Only two recent finds; one in the very north, one in central Sweden. Coniferous wood.

Oligoporus fragilis (Fr.) Gilbn. & Ryv.

Found all over Sweden, this is a rather common species on dead wood of both Picea (57%) and Pinus (43%). Fruitbodies turn reddish-brown on bruising and with age, until recently a unique character in the Swedish polypore flora. In 1992, however, a similar fungus (Oligoporus lateritius ) was described, leading to taxonomical confusion. The latter grows almost exclusively on Pinus and has narrower spores, but since it has been impossible to verify all previous records, some uncertainty about their identity unfortunately exists.

*Oligoporus guttulatus (Peck) Gilbn. & Ryv.

A substipitate, large species, which seems to be restricted to the southern half of the country. Mostly found on Picea (92%) in old coniferous forest, rarely on Pinus and occasionally on decidious wood (Sorbus ). Its occurence seems to be rather irregular depending on prevailing weather conditions. So far recorded from 34 localities.

*Oligoporus hibernicus (Berk. & Broome) Gilbn. & Ryv.

This resupinate polypore represents a species complex which has not yet been fully clarified. There are whitish as well as yellow forms with subtile microscopical differences, and the confusion as to taxonomy and nomenclature make it difficult to evaluate the species. There are about 40 records from all over the country except the southernmost parts, both on Pinus (60%) and Picea (40%).

*Oligoporus lateritius (Renv.) Ryv. & Gilbn.

A newly described species (1992), which grows almost exclusively on Pinus. Most collections so far are from the northern part of Sweden, but further field studies are needed. Macroscopically it resembles Oligoporus fragilis (with broader spores) and large basidiocarps of Oligoporus leucomallellus (with gloeocystidia). This polypore has hitherto been recorded from less than 20 Swedish localities.

Oligoporus leucomallellus (Murr.) Gilbn. & Ryv.

A soft and short-lived pileate to semi-pileate species, microscopically well characterized by its gloeocysidia, but more anonymous in the field. The pore surface turns yellowish when bruised, but never reddish-brown like the pores of O. fragilis. Found on lying trunks of Pinus (84%) and Picea (16), often early in the season. There are about 180 localities all over Sweden, but the species is probably overlooked.

*Oligoporus mappus (Overh. & Lowe) Gilbn. & Ryv.

Found only once in the very north of Sweden (on Salix ), this rare resupinate definitely needs further study. Fruitbodies are very thin, and the extremely long cylindric spores (-12 µm) separate it from all other Swedish species of Oligoporus.

*Oligoporus norrlandicus Berglund & Ryvarden

Recently described from boreal Piceaforest in northern Sweden. This white, resupinate species can be separated from similar members of the genus by the ellipsoid spores, 2,5-3,5 µm broad.

*Oligoporus placenta (Fr.) Gilbn. & Ryv.

Currently there are about 20 registered localities for this pinkish resupinate, from Småland in the south to the northernmost part of the country. It is found on Pinus (64%) and Picea (36%), both in dry habitats and humid coniferous forests. The salmon-pink colour sometimes disappears on drying, and such specimens from Pinus can easily be confused with the recently described Antrodia infirma and Antrodia primaeva, both with slightly larger spores, but with few skeletal hyphae and thus appearing monomitic if not thoroughly examined.

Oligoporus ptychogaster (C.A. Ludw.) Donk

The preceding imperfect stage of this polypore is far more conspicuous and frequent than the basidiocarps. The latter are rather small and whitish, but rarely present next to the cushion-like, somewhat hairy formations that eventually disintegrate into a brown, powdery mass of chlamydospores, reminding of certain myxomycetes. It is found on wood of Picea (80%) and Pinus (20%), and there are so far about 170 records, mostly from southern and central Sweden.

Oligoporus rennyi (Berk. & Broome) Donk

A widespead resupinate, but probably overlooked or confused with other species. It grows on the underside of very rotten wood of Pinus (56%) or Picea (44%), sometimes also on structural timber in houses, mines etc. The abundance of spores makes it rather easy to identify under the microscope; in the field the best characters are the soft consistency and the chlamydospores often present as a powder at the margin or in cavities in the wood. So far about 50 registered localities.

*Oligoporus septentrionalis Vampola

Little known species, very close to Oligoporus hibernicus but with yellowish pores. There is so far only one collection from a herb-rich coniferous forest in Hälsingland (central Sweden). Needs further study. 

The conical thick-walled cystidia make this a distinct species, but since it can only be identified microscopically, there are hitherto not more than about 170 records from all parts of Sweden. Seems to be equally common on Pinus and Picea, often on the underside of wood in late stages of decay.

This rare, normally resupinate species is very close to Oligoporus hibernicus, and has the same type of cystidia. Found only once on an island off the coast of Skåne (1997). The host was Sambucus, while all Swedish records of O. hibericus are from coniferous wood.

This bitter-tasting, whitish polypore is slightly more common in the southern half of Sweden than in the north. 98% of all the records (so far about 700) are from Picea, but there are also a few finds from Pinus and from decidious wood.

Together with Oligoporus caesius, this is the only polypore with bluish tints both on pileus, pores and in the context. The species is common all over Sweden and differs from O. caesius in narrower spores and occurence on decidious wood. Main substrata (%): Populus (51), Corylus (21), Fagus (10), Salix (8), Alnus (5), Betula (3), Fraxinus (1), Prunus (1).

A very variable fungus in size and general appearance, found both on coniferous and decidious hosts. There has long been some confusion as to nomenclature (previously called Tyromyces lacteus ) taste (mild, but sometimes described as bitter) and rot (brown rot, although allegedly white rot for the non-bitter variety) of this species, which is common all over the country. Most frequent on conifers (Picea 57%, Pinus 10%), but also recorded from a large number of hardwoods, e.g. Betula (11%), Populus (9%) and Alnus (3%). On decidious substrata likely to be confused with Tyromyces chioneus, which differs microscopically and causes a white rot.

*Oligoporus undosus (Peck) Gilbn. & Ryv.

There are hitherto about 50 localities for this rare semi-pileate polypore, most of them from central and northern Sweden. It is normally found in mixed coniferous forests of considerable age, both on Picea (66%) and Populus (34%), occasionally on Betula and Pinus. Most records from recent years.

Oxyporus borealis G.M. Jenssen & Ryv.

Annual species with small, thin, sometimes flabellate pilei. Described from the northernmost part of Norway (Betula); found only once in central Sweden. The thick-walled, mostly smooth cystidia will separate the species from young specimens of Oxyporus populinus and semi-pileate forms of Oxyporus corticola.

Oxyporus corticola (Fr.) Ryv.

Resupinate, rather variable species, which rarely forms semi-pileate structures (such forms have formerly been described as a separate species, Oxyporus ravidus ). Distributed all over Sweden and rather frequent (more than 600 registered localities), it normally grows on the bark of lying trunks of Populus (89%), but is also found on other hardwoods and occasionally on Picea.

*Oxyporus obducens (Pers.) Donk

A little known fungus, sometimes described as an annual and resupinate form of Oxyporus populinus. However, the spores of O. obducens are distinctly ellipsoid, while those of O. populinus are globose. So far there are about a dozen records of this species from decidious woods in the southern half of Sweden. Needs further study.

Oxyporus populinus (Schumach. : Fr.) Donk

Normally pileate and perennial, but sometimes resupinate and annual, this polypore is very variable, also in size. Fruitbodies are often found on living trees high above the ground (not always easy to see because they are often covered with mosses) but can also grow at the base. There are about 500 records from all of Sweden, but it is most common in the cultivated areas of the southern parts, often i parks, tree-avenues etc. Acer is the preferred substratum, but it is found on a wide range of decidious trees.

*Pachykytospora tuberculosa (Fr.) Kotl. & Pouz.

Fresh specimens of this perennial resupinate have a distict rose tint, but older fruitbodies become creamcoloured or ochraceous. It normally grows on dead, still attached branches of Quercus high above the ground, more rarely on fallen trunks. About 200 localities registered from the Quercus region.

Parmastomyces transmutans (Overh.) Ryvarden & Gilbn.

Found only once (2005), in northern Sweden on Pinus. The species has a somewhat eastern distribution in Europe, where it has also been collected on Picea. The combination of a monomitic hyphal system and strongly dextrinoid spores makes this a unique species among Swedish polypores.

*Perenniporia fraxinea (Bull. : Fr.) Ryv.

This perennial, pileate species is very rare in Sweden, only found on the islands of Öland and Gotland. It grows on living decidious trees, on Gotland on Ulmus in rich decidious forest, on Öland on Quercus.  

*Perenniporia medulla-panis (Jacq. : Fr.) Donk

There are about 100 records of this perennial resupinate, all from the Quercus region of southern Sweden. It is normally found on the sides of Quercus stumps (sometimes hidden in cavities), but very occasionally recorded also from other decidious substrata. Grows both in open land and in forests, in the latter case often on stumps in habitats dominated by other decidious trees.

Collections of Perenniporia medulla-panis var. multistratosa from Picea in northern Sweden are likely to represent Perenniporia subacida. 

Perenniporia narymica (Pilát) Pouz.

A little known species, collected only once on a stump of Picea in the province of Närke in central Sweden. Differs from Perenniporia medulla-panis in the amyloid reaction of the skeletal hyphae.

*Perenniporia subacida (Peck) Donk

This large and impressive, perennial resupinate has been found in about 100 localities, mostly in northern and central Sweden, but there are also a few records in the Stockholm area and southwards to the northern part of Småland. It normally grows on Picea (94%) in virgin coniferous forest, but there are also records from Betula (3%), Prunus (3%) and a few other decidious trees.

*Perenniporia tenuis (Schwein.) Ryv.

Very rare in Sweden, only collected three times in the provinces of Östergötland, Västmanland and Lappland. The pores are creamcoloured to bright yellow (var. pulchella ), and the resupinate fruitbodies are thinner than those of the other species of the genus. Found on Populus and Salix. Definitely in need of further study.

Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat.

A large, stipitate polypore, widespread and rather common (so far about 300 localities) all over Sweden. It normally grows on the ground from roots or conifer debris, but can also be found on stumps, lying trunks and fallen branches. Pinus (71%) is the major host, but it is not uncommon on Picea (15%) and Larix (14%); very rarely on decidious wood.

*Phellinus chrysoloma (Fr.) Donk

This pileate species seems restricted to Picea, and is rather common, especially in the northern parts of the country. Not yet recorded from Öland and the southernmost parts of the mainland. So far more than 1000 localities.

Phellinus conchatus (Pers. : Fr.) Quél.

A pileate, rarely resupinate polypore, which is widespread and common all over Sweden. Its normal host is Salix (99%), but there are occasional records from a large number of decidious trees.

Phellinus contiguus (Fr.) Pat.

Rather large pores and a very thin context are the main characters of this resupinate, which is mostly found on Hippophaë in the coastal regions north of Stockholm, more rarely on the west coast. There are also a few finds from other decidious trees and bushes. Only locally frequent; altogether 16 localities.

Phellinus ferreus (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz.

This resupinate or sometimes nodulose species seems to be restricted to the western parts of southern Sweden, where it is rather common. It grows on dead wood of decidious trees, mainly Quercus (82%) and Corylus (11%).

*Phellinus ferrugineofuscus (Karst.) Bourd. & Galz.

A perennial, resupinate species, often of long dimensions. It grows almost exclusively on logs of Picea in old coniferous forest, and is most common in the northern half of the country. In recent years, selected search for this polypore has resulted in about 2500 records.

Phellinus ferruginosus (Schrad. : Fr.) Bourd. & Galz.

So far there are about 120 records of this resupinate, which grows mainly in the rich decidious forests of southern Sweden. There is a concentration of localities in the southernmost parts and in the Stockholm - Uppsala region in the east, a few finds in the western parts and on the islands of Öland and Gotland; elsewhere obviously lacking. It normally grows on the underside of branches on the ground, preferably on Corylus (40%), Ulmus (23%) and Fagus (9%).

Phellinus hippophaëcola Jahn

A small, pileate species, previously described as a form of the larger Phellinus robustus. Restricted to coastal localities with Hippophaë, and in such habitats locally frequent on the east coast from Stockholm and northwards. Also found in one locality in Skåne (Scania). Hitherto about 35 records.

Phellinus igniarius (L. : Fr.) Quél.

Several varieties exist of this perennial, pileate polypore, which is common on living decidious trees all over Sweden. The list of hosts is very long, e.g. Salix (52%) Betula (20%), Alnus (10%), Sorbus (6%), Corylus (4%), Malus (3%), Fagus (3%). The form commonly found on Salix has been described as a species of its own, Phellius trivialis (Bres.) Kreisel, but is here treated as a variety. For practical reasons it has also been necessary to include Phellinus alni (Bondartsev) Parm. (described on Alnus ) and Phellinus cinereus (Niemelä) M. Fischer (a small greyish species on Betula ) in the main form.

Phellinus laevigatus (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz.

This perennial species is widespread and common in all parts of Sweden, and is normally found on lying trunks of Betula, rarely on dead, standing trees. Fruitbodies are mostly completely resupinate, but weakly semi-pileate forms have been observed, coming very close to Phellinus lundellii. In the field it is also sometimes confused with Phellinus punctatus, which, however, lacks setae.

So far about 700 registered localities.

Phellinus lundellii Niemelä

There are about 500 records of this semi-pileate, imbricate species, which is rather common in all of Sweden but more frequent in the northern parts. It grows on dead wood of decidious trees, pimarily on Betula (90%) and Alnus (9%). Likely to be overloooked or confused with other species of the Phellinus igniarius complex.

Phellinus nigricans (Fr.) Karst.

An anonymous but rather frequent polypore, growing on dead or dying, often still standing trunks of Betula (98%) and Alnus (2%), rarely on other hosts. It is distributed all over the country (so far about 900 localities), but often confused with Phellinus igniarius, from which it differs in occurence on dead wood, sharper margin and distinct, radial cracks in the crust of the pileus.

*Phellinus nigrolimitatus (Rom.) Bourd. & Galz.

Fruitbodies of this polypore are semi-pileate to resupinate, and the small, brown pores often have a distict greyish tint. It is found in most parts of Sweden, but definitely more common in the northen half; so far about 900 localities altogether. Prefers old coniferous forest, where it grows on Picea (94%) and Pinus (6%), mostly on the underside of fallen trunks. The name refers to the black line separating different layers of the context.

*Phellinus pini (Fr.) Ames

A pileate, long-lived species exclusively found on old, living trees of Pinus. Frequent in most parts of Sweden (so far about 900 registered localities), but uncommon in the west coast region. Very close to Phellinus chrysoloma, which grows on Picea.

Phellinus pomaceus (Pers.) Maire

This parasitic semi-piletate to pileate polypore is only found in the southern half of the country. The normal substrata are different species of Prunus, but it is also recorded from Malus and Crataegus. Often found in gardens and orchards, seldom in forest. About 320 registered localities.

Widespread but not common (about 250 localites), this large polypore resembles Phellinus igniarius, but is restricted to Populus. It grows from necrotic depressions on living trees, often in semi-secluded decidious forests. Differs from the much more common Phellinus tremulae in the sharp margin and the more protruding pileus.

Phellinus punctatus (Karst.) Pilát

With age this resupinate species becomes characteristically cushion-shaped, and is rather easy to identify ñalso in the microscope, due to the lack of setae. It normally grows on standing, dead stems or dead, still attached branches of decidious trees, mainly Salix (64%) and Corylus (27%), but has been recorded from a large number of hardwood substrata. Common in southern and central Sweden, less frequent in the northern parts. Sometimes confused with Phellinus laevigatus, which is more asymmetrical, mainly found on Betula and has abundant hymenial setae.

*Phellinus robustus (Karst.) Bourd. & Galz.

Large, perennial species, almost exclusively found on Quercus. Common in the eastern part of southern Sweden, less frequent in the western and southernmost parts. About 360 registered localities.

Phellinus tremulae (Bond.) Bond. & Borissov

The most frequent polypore on living Populus tremula, widespread in all of Sweden. Normally pileate, but semi-resupinate fruitbodies are often found on the underside of attached branches high above the ground.

Phellinus viticola (Schwein. in Fr.) Donk

A rather variable fungus, growing on Picea (95%) and Pinus (5%) in old or medium-aged coniferous forests. On vertical substrata more or less pileate, on the underside of lying trunks and branches normally resupinate. The reddish tint of the pores separate this species from Phellinus nigrolimitatus, which has a greyish brown pore surface. Widespread in all parts of the country, more common in the northern half. So far about 1300 records.

Phylloporia ribis (Schumach. : Fr.) Ryv.

The host is actually the best clue to the identity of this rare polypore, which grows on Ribes rubrum (68%), R. uva-crispa (29%) and R. alpinum (3%), rarely on other substrata. The basidiocarps are normally found near the base of the bushes, pilei often encircling stems and branches. There are about 100 registered localities, all from the southern and central parts of Sweden.

The tiny pores of this resupinate turn reddish shortly after bruising, but eventually become brown, dark greyish or blackish. Dry specimens with dark colours are not easy to observe, and the species is probably overlooked. It grows on the underside of strongly decayed wood of both coniferous and decidious trees, sometimes on stumps. Less than 100 records from the southern half of the country. Hosts (%): Picea (20), Alnus (14), Fagus (12), Pinus (6), Betula (5), Quercus (3); also observed on Populus, Corylus, Prunus, Tilia, Acer, Sorbus and Salix. Physisporinus vitreus is very close microscopically, but differs in thicker fruitbodies, more waxy consistency and pores turning greyish-black without a reddish phase.

Physisporinus vitreus (Pers. : Fr.) Karst.

Uncommon (about 50 registered localities from southern and central Sweden), but probably overlooked, this rather thick, waxy resupinate normally grows on very rotten wood, sometimes spreading on to the ground next to stumps, logs etc. There are also records from the interior of greenhouses and similar buildings, in such cases partly covering floors and walls. Found on a number of hosts, e.g. Fagus, Picea, Alnus and Betula.

*Piloporia sajanensis (Parm.) Niemelä

Endangered and very rare, this (semi-)resupinate, rather soft polypore has only been found in seven localities in the western and northern parts of Sweden. All records are from Picea in old coniferous forests. Under the microscope the best clue to identification is the combination of pigmented hyphae and small, allantoid spores.

Pitoporus betulinus (Bull. : Fr.) Karst.

This well-known, soft polypore is widespread and very common all over Sweden. Restricted to Betula, often found on dead, still standing trunks in all kinds of forests. So far about 2500 registered localities.

*Piptoporus quercinus (Schrad.) Pilát

There are hitherto not more than about 15 records of this beautiful, yellowish polypore, all of them from the Quercus regions of southern Sweden. It is found both i decidious woods and pastures, normally on living oaks high above the ground. Young fruitbodies have a fleshy, juicy consistency.

*Polyporus badius (Pers.) Schwein.

Very rare from Stockholm and southwards (only 7 localities), this large polypore seems restricted to rich decidious forests, where it grows on lying trunks and stumps. Ulmus is the favourite host, but the species has also been found on Fagus. Sometimes confused with the more frequent Polyporus melanopus, which has paler greyish-brown colours on the pileus and clamped generative hyphae.

Polyporus brumalis Pers. : Fr.

Fruitbodies of this stipitate species are mostly found in late autumn, winter or early spring, usually on wood of various decidious trees, sometimes buried in the ground. So far there are about 900 records from all Swedish provinces; it grows both in humid decidious forests, open land and clear-cut areas. The pores are distinctly angular and rather wide, good characters to seperate it from Polyporus ciliatus, which is very close but has smaller, round pores.

Polyporus ciliatus Fr.

This stipitate polypore is very variable, and different forms can be found in spring and summer. The spring form is normally about twice the size of the summer form, and was previously described as a species of its own, Polyporus lepideus Fr. Both varieties grow on decidious wood, often buried in the ground. Common and widespread all over Sweden.

Polyporus melanopus Sw. : Fr.

Seemingly growing on the ground, but this large, stipitate polypore fruits from roots and buried wood of decidious trees. The best characters are the brownish-black coating covering the entire stipe and the greyish-brown pileus, which on young specimens can be very light-coloured, sometimes almost white. The species is widespread but not very common (so far about 250 localities), mostly found in decidious forest and grasslands. Very close is Polyporus tubaeformis, which is smaller and has a warm red-brown colour.

*Polyporus pseudobetulinus (Pilát) Thorn, Kotiranta & Niemelä

This rare polypore resembles Piptoporus betulinus, but has more yellowish colours, simple septate hyphae and grows almost exclusive on Populus tremula (one record from Salix ). Only six Swedish localities, five from the north of the country, one from a small island in the Baltic (Gotska Sandön National Park). Needs further study.

Polyporus squamosus Huds. : Fr.

There are about 300 registered localities for this large or very large polypore, which has pilei with dark scales on a yellowish-brown background. It attacks living trees as well as dead wood, and is found both in decidious woods, parks and tree-avenues. Widespread, but seems to be more common in the southern half of the country. Main hosts (%): Salix (30), Ulmus (26), Fraxinus (17), Acer (7), Fagus (5), Tilia (4), Alnus (3), Quercus (3).

Although this polypore was described by P. Karsten more than a hundred years ago (as a variety of Polyporus varius ), it is still a little known species in Sweden. This is mainly due to confusion with Polyporus melanopus, which is bigger and has a more greyish-brownish pileus, and Polyporus badius with similar colours but larger size and different habitat. The reddish-brown pileus of P. tubaeformis is deeply umbilicate, and seldom exceeds 5 cm in width. The species is only recorded from the northern half of Sweden (so far about 25 localities), where it usually grows on dead wood of Alnus, Betula or Salix in humid habitats.

*Polyporus tuberaster Jacq. : Fr.

A rare, scaly species, only found in a few localities in the very south of Sweden. It grows on decidious wood or from a large, blackish sclerotium in the ground. Close to Polyporus squamosus, but usually of smaller dimensions.

*Polyporus umbellatus Fr.

There are only about 25 localities for this large, conspicuous fungus, all except one from the southern part of Sweden. The fruitbodies consist of hundreds of round, ochraceous pilei arising from a strongly branched stipe, and they are found on the ground in rich decidious or mixed forests, rarely in grasslands. Sometimes confused with Grifola frondosa, which, however, has darker, more fan-shaped or flabelliform pilei.

Polyporus varius Fr.

As the name indicates, this species is very variable in size and appearance, but usually easy to identify thanks to the yellowish-brown colour and the black tomentum at the base of the stipe. Grows on dead wood of an impressively large number of decidious trees (most frequent on Salix ), and is common all over Sweden.

*Protomerulius caryae (Schwein.) Ryv.

This rare, resupinate fungus was found in Sweden for the first time in the autumn of 1996, and there are now 6 localities altogether. Substrata: Decayed wood of Betula, Fagus, Salix, Ulmus and Picea. Although this species is distinctly poroid, it actually belongs to the Heterobasidiomycetes. The dark, brownish colour of the pore surface may lead to confusion with Antrodia sinuosa or similar species, and it is likely to have been overlooked.

*Pycnoporellus alboluteus (Ellis & Everh.) Kotl. & Pouz.
A very rare species in all of Europe, and there are only two Swedish localities: One in the province of Dalarna (central Sweden) and on from Norrbotten in the very north. The orange-coloured, resupinate fruitbodies with large pores splitting into a tooth-like hymenophore are extremely conspicuous. Grows on Picea in old coniferous forest.

Pycnoporellus fulgens (Fr.) Donk

A rare but widespread, pileate polypore with orange to reddish-brown fruitbodies, so far registered from about 40 Swedish localities. It normally grows on Picea in old coniferous forest, but there are occasional records from Pinus, Populus and Betula. Most finds have been made during the last 15 years.

Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (Jacq. : Fr.) Karst.

The orange-coloured pileus and the reddish pore surface make this fungus one the the most beautiful and characteristic species of the Swedish polypore flora.

Widespread and rather common (so far about 800 localities), normally found in poor, sunny and open localities. Most frequent on Betula (57%) and Sorbus (28%), but recorded from numerous hardwood genera.

This common resupinate has a very variable hymeophore, ranging from poroid to distinctly hydnoid; sometimes these forms are found within the same specimen! It grows on dead wood of decidious trees, rareley on conifers, and is most frequent in the southern and central parts of Sweden. Main substrata (%): Corylus (28), Salix (17), Quercus (16), Alnus (10), Betula (10), Fagus (9) and Populus (7).

Close to Hyphodontia (Corticiaceae), which, however, lacks skeletal hyphae. For practical reasons the newly described Schizopora radula Hallenb.(a form with very few skeletals) has been included in the main species during the investigation. So far about 1200 registered localities.

Skeletocutis amorpha (Fr.) Kotl. & Pouz.

A small, pileate species, mostly found on stumps of Pinus (65%) and Picea (35%). Young pores are whitish, but turn beautifully orange with age. Widespread in all of Sweden, hitherto about 850 localities.

*Skeletocutis borealis Niemelä

A newly described, perennial species resembling Skeletocutis stellae and Skeletocutis nivea . Pores are very small (6-8/mm), pale cream, sometimes with a pinkish tint. The fungus grows on both coniferous and decidious wood (Picea and Sorbus ), and has hitherto been found in the Swedish provinces of Lappland and Värmland.

*Skeletocutis brevispora Niemelä

A newly described species growing on dead fruitbodies of Phellinus sp., preferably Phellinus ferrugineofuscus. So far only a few scattered finds from different parts of the country.

Skeletocutis carneogrisea David

This resupinate to weakly pileate polypore is probably overlooked, but has been recorded from about 160 localities in most parts of the country. The species is very close to Skeletocutis amorpha, but the pores are typically pinkish-grey, not turning orange with age. Fruitbodies are always found on or next to dead basidiocarps of Trichaptum abietinum, usually on Picea (89%) but also on Pinus (11%).

*Skeletocutis chrysella Niemelä

This newly described resupinate is almost exclusively found on dead basidiocarps of Phellinus chrysoloma, rarely on wood attacked by that species. So far only a few records from the northern half of Sweden.

*Skeletocutis kuehneri David

A member of a species complex which needs further study. There are so far only six records in Sweden of this small, thin resupinate growing on coniferous wood, three in the Stockholm area, one south of Stockholm and two in the far north. The pores split like they do in Skeletocutis odora, but the spores are slightly smaller.

*Skeletocutis lenis (Karst.) Niemelä

Rather anonymous species, under the microscope easily identified by the typical lunate spores, but in the field often confused with species like Ceriporiopsis mucida, Junghuhnia luteoalba and even Skeletocutis subincarnata. It grows mainly on Pinus in old, coniferous forests and seems to be most common in the northern half of Sweden. Records from hardwoods should be referred to the newly described Skeletocutis vulgaris.

*Skeletocutis lilacina      David  & Keller

A thin, resupinate species with lilac pore surface, sometimes with a greyish tint. Recently found on Picea in the northernmost part of Sweden, but very rare.

Skeletocutis nivea (Jungh.) Keller

This tough polypore, which can be resupinate or pileate, seems to be restricted to rich decidious forests in the southern half of Sweden. It is normally found on the underside of lying branches of Fraxinus (95%), but also on Corylus, Fagus and a number of other hardwoods. The pores are first whitish, turning brownish or greenish-brown in patches with age or on bruising. Not uncommon; so far about 450 registered localities.

*Skeletocutis ochroalba Niemelä

Described from Canada in 1985, this rare polypore was discovered in two localities in central Sweden in the autumn of 1992 (presumably the first records from Europe), also found in 1997 further south . In the field this species resembles nodulose-pileate specimens of Antrodia serialis, but under the microscope it comes close to Skeletocutis nivea.The localities are old coniferous forests mixed with decidious trees. Substrata: Picea and unidentified coniferous wood.

*Skeletocutis odora (Sacc.) Ginns

The nauseous odour and the splitting pores are the best characteristics of this resupinate, rather large species, mostly found in virgin coniferous forests. It is most frequent in the north of Sweden, but there are localities as far south as in Småland. Prefers logs of Picea (96%), but also found on Populus tremula (3%), Pinus (1%) and occasionally on Betula and Sorbus. Altogether about 250 registered localities.

Skeletocutis papyracea David

Only one Swedish specimen of this species has been determined with certainty, growing on Pinus in the area north of Stockholm. Microscopical characters are difficult to observe, and it is likely to be confused with other members of the genus.

*Skeletocutis stellae (Pilát) Keller

A perennial, resupinate species with small, unevenly coloured pores, often with olivaceous tinges. There are hitherto about 75 Swedish localities, most of them from the northern half of the country. Seems to prefer old coniferous forests, where it grows on logs of Picea (93%) and Pinus (%). The thick fruitbodies, the colour of the pore surface and the layered tubus separate this fungus from other species of the genus found in the area.

Skeletocutis subincarnata (Peck) Keller

Widespread and rather common all over Sweden (so far about 700 localities), this resupinate seems to be a member of a species complex not yet fully clarified. Many microscopically "untypical" collections (often from dead basidiocarps of Phellinus ) indicate that more species might be involved, but in the field it is more uniform and especially young, thin specimens can often be identified on the spot due to the bluish-white tinges of the pore surface. Older fruitbodies are more yellowish, and easily confused with Antrodia xantha or Skeletocutis lenis. Grows mostly on Pinus (65%) and Picea (35%), but there are also occasional records from decidious wood.

Skeletocutis vulgaris (Fr.) Niemelä & Y.C. Dai

This recently recognized species is very close to Skeletocutis lenis, from which it is separated by thinner, mostly annual fruitbodies and narrower spores. Seems to grow preferably on Picea and angiosperms, seldom on Pinus. Hitherto only found in the southern half of Sweden.

A member of the polypore flora of central and southern Europe, this pileate species was previously found in Denmark and recently (1994) also in one single locality in Sweden, an island off the coast of Skåne (Scania). On Fagus.

*Spongipellis pachyodon (Pers.) Kotl. & Pouz.

Not found in Sweden since 1913 (near Stockholm, on Fraxinus ), this conspicuous polypore with a lamellate to distinctly hydnoid hymenophore is probably extinct in the country.

*Spongipellis spumeus (Sowerby : Fr.) Pat.

From the southern half of the country there are so far about 85 localities for this pileate, somewhat hirsute species growing on decidious wood. Found in tree-avenues, parks and similar habitats, rarely in forest. Most common on Acer (43%), Ulmus (21%) and Aesculus (5%), but recorded from a number of other hardwoods.

Trametes gibbosa (Pers.) Fr.

The elongated pores and the tough consistency are good characters for determination of this pileate species, which grows almost exclusively on dead wood of Fagus. There are about 100 registered localities, most of them from the very south of Sweden.

Trametes hirsuta (Fr.) Pilát

One of the most common polypores in sunny, open localities all over Sweden, but also frequent in forests. The hirsute pileate and the round, greyish pores make it easy to identify, but from above it resembles both Lenzites betulina and Cerrena unicolor. Recorded from about 1600 localities and from a large number of decidious substrata, e.g. Betula (34%), Populus (14%), Sorbus (10%), Salix (9%), Alnus (7%), Fagus (6%), Quercus (6%) and Prunus (6%).

Trametes ochracea (Pers.) Gilbn. & Ryv.

Extremely common in all parts of the country (about 2500 records), especially on Betula (55%) and Populus (39%). Sometimes confused with Trametes versicolor, which is thinner and has a pileus with a combination of reddish-brown, blue and blackish colours.

Trametes pubescens (Schumach. : Fr.) Pilát

Widespread but most frequent northwards, this short-lived, pileate polypore grows on decidious wood, preferably of Betula (63%) and Populus (15%). The whitish fruitbodies are softer than those of other species of the genus, and they are soon attacked and destroyed by various insects. Seems to be most frequent in the northern parts, but there are only about 300 registered localities.

Very rare (15 localities) in the southern half of Sweden, where it primarily grows on Salix, both in humid localities and in tree-avenues. There are also occasional records from Ulmus and Populus. The whitish fruitbodies are rather large (-15 cm) and thick, and fresh specimens can be identified by a pleasant and very characteristic anise odour.

Trametes versicolor (L. : Fr.) Pilát

So far there are about 500 records of this thin and very beautiful polypore with zones of reddish-brown, blue and blackish colours on the pileus, all of them from the southern half of Sweden. It grows on a wide range of decidious wood, but is most common on Fagus (28%), Betula (22%) and Quercus (20%).

The more widespread Trametes ochracea is very close, but thicker and more uniformly orange to reddish-brown.

Trichaptum abietinum (Dicks. : Fr.) Ryv.

This polypore can be pileate or resupinate, but is always easy to identify thanks to the purplish colour of the pores. It is very frequent on Picea (89%) and Pinus (11%) all over Sweden (so far about 2700 localities), but there are also occasional finds from decidious wood. On Pinus it is sometimes confused with Trichaptum fusco-violaceum, which has a semi-lamellate to hydnoid hymenophore.

Trichaptum fusco-violaceum (Ehrenb. : Fr.) Ryv.

Almost exclusively found on Pinus (97%), this species is very common, especially in the southern half of Sweden. The hymenophore gets more hydnoid with age, and very young specimens can easily be mistaken for being poroid like Trichaptum abietinum, which is very close and not uncommon on Pinus. Seems to prefer open, sunny localities; so far about 800 records.

*Trichaptum laricinum (Karst.) Ryv.

The hymenophore of this species consists of radial lamellae, which at least in young specimens have a distinct purplish colour. It normally grows on Picea (83%) and Pinus (17%), but there are occasional finds from Betula and Salix.

Restricted to the northern half of Sweden, where it is mostly found in old coniferous forests. About 280 registered localities.

*Tyromyces alborubescens (Bourdot & Galzin) Bondartzev

A very rare polypore on Fagus wood, only recently found in Sweden. Close to Tyromyces fissilis, from which it differs in the wine-red reaction with KOH and the host.

Tyromyces chioneus (Fr.) Karst.

A rather anonymous, whitish-greyish polypore, often confused with Oligoporus tephroleucus. However, the strongly branched contextual hyphae and the cylindric spores make it easy to identify under the microscope. The species is often found in open forest and pastures, and seems to be widespread although not very common; so far recorded from about 210 localities. It normally grows on decidious wood, primarily Betula (62%), Populus (9%) and Sorbus (6%), but 5% of all records are from conifers.

*Tyromyces fissilis (Berk. & Curtis) Donk

There are about 45 registered localities for this rare species, most of them from the eastern parts of southern Sweden. It is mainly found on living trees of Populus (41%), Malus (33%) and Fraxinus (26%), frequently in gardens, parks and pastures, less often in decidious forest. Fresh fruibodies have a sappy, waxy consistency, while dried, shrunk specimens are typically hard and resinous, leaving stains on paper.

*Tyromyces kmetii (Bres.) Bond. & Sing.

Young fruitbodies of this species are beautifully orange-pinkish, with age sometimes fading to almost entirely creamish. Only found on Betula in alpine Betula forest in the very north of Sweden (Abisko area).

*Tyromyces wynnei (Berk. & Br.) Donk

This odd, substipitate, mostly flabelliform-irregular polypore grows on buried wood or litter in rich decidious forest, usually with Ulmus. About 10 localities, all in the southern half of the country.

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